Stephen Schneider is a professor of criminology at Saint Mary's University in Halifax, Canada. He is considered Canada's foremost scholar on organized crime. In this context, he has worked as a researcher, writer, educator, criminal intelligence analyst, government policy specialist, and consultant. He is the author or co-author of five books, three of which are concerned with organized crime. This includes a textbook entitled Canadian Organized Crime (Canadian Scholars Press, Second Edition, 2022). He is also the author of the highly acclaimed, best-selling true crime book Iced: The Story of Organized Crime in Canada (HarperCollins, Second Edition, 2016). He has authored articles for peer-reviewed publications and conferences and research reports for government agencies. His research and consulting projects have included studies into money laundering, contraband smuggling, fraud, domestic marijuana production, organized criminal conspiracies at marine ports, human trafficking, organized robberies, corporate crime, and innovations in organized crime enforcement. He has also provided expert testimony in court cases for federal and provincial attorneys general in Canada.

Introduction

1 Typology Overview, Research Design, and Analytical Framework

2 Literature Review: Definitions, Descriptions, Typologies, and Conceptual Models

3 Associational Attributes

4 Commercial Attributes

5 Operational Attributes

6 Institutional Attributes

7 Cultural and Behavioral Attributes

8 Adapting the Typology for Organized Crime Enforcement

9 Redeveloping the Typology as a Conceptual Model for Research and Applied Purposes

Conclusion