Dr. Khaled Ahmed Abuzeid is a graduate of Ain Shams University (1995) and a highly regarded specialist in clinical radiology, with a primary focus on interstitial lung disease (ILD). Over the course of his distinguished career, Dr. Khaled has established himself as a leading authority in ILD diagnosis and management, specializing in the interpretation of chest imaging to provide critical insights into complex respiratory cases.

Since 2006, Dr. Khaled has been practicing in Kuwait, with ten years at Chest Disease Hospital and eight years at Aladan Hospital. In addition to his clinical work, Dr. Khaled is an online lecturer for medical colleges in Egypt and a sought-after speaker at educational courses and conferences across Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Bahrain. He also shares his expertise globally through his educational YouTube channel and X (formerly Twitter) account.

As the author of Challenging Cases in Interstitial Lung Diseases: A High-Resolution CT Approach, Dr. Khaled continues to advance the field of ILD, combining his wealth of experience with a dedication to improving patient outcomes and supporting the medical community through education.

About the Author

Preface

Acknowledgments

Abbreviations

CHAPTER 1

Approach for Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases

1. Introduction

2. Expert Approach for Professionals in Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Disease (fILD)

CHAPTER 2

Case Presentations

Case 1: 82-Year-Old Female with Bronchial Asthma and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Case 2: 80-Year-Old Male with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Case 3: 53-Year-Old Male with Rheumatoid Arthritis and ILD

Case 4: 63-Year-Old Male with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Case 5: 67-Year-Old Male Smoker with Rheumatoid Arthritis and ILD

Case 6: 48-Year-Old Male with Antisynthetase Syndrome and ILD

Case 7: 88-Year-Old Male with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Case 8: 79-Year-Old Female with Rheumatoid Arthritis and ILD

Case 9: 52-Year-Old Female with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Case 10: 26-Year-Old Female with Overlap Syndrome (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Polymyositis, and Raynaud's Phenomenon) Presenting with ILD

Case 11: 64-Year-Old Male with ILD

Case 12: 55-Year-Old Female with a History of Bird Exposure and ILD

Case 13: 76-Year-Old Female with a History of Bird Exposure and ILD

Case 14: 55-Year-Old Female Non-Smoker with Sarcoidosis

Case 15: 28-Year-Old Female with Sarcoidosis

Case 16: 51-Year-Old Male with a History of Bird Exposure and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Case 17: 66-Year-Old Male with Sarcoidosis

Case 18: 51-Year-Old Male with a History of Bird Exposure and ILD

Case 19: 48-Year-Old Female with Dermatomyositis and ILD

Case 20: 45-Year-Old Female with Crohn's disease and ILD

Case 21: 39-Year-Old Female with ILD

Case 22: 47-Year-Old Female with Sjögren's Syndrome and ILD

Case 23: 30-Year-Old Female with Scleroderma and ILD

Case 24: 74-Year-Old Male Smoker with Non-Resolving Pneumonia

Case 25: 40-Year-Old Male Post-COVID Pneumonia

Case 26: 36-Year-Old Male with Known ARDS in ICU-Follow-Up HRCT Evaluation

Case 27: 53-Year-Old Male Smoker with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Case 28: 82-Year-Old Male with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Case 29: 75-Year-Old Male Smoker

Case 30: 67-Year-Old Female with Rheumatoid Arthritis and ILD

CHAPTER 3

Interstitial Pneumonias

1. Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (Box 3-1)

2. Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia (Box 3-2)

3. Organizing Pneumonia (Box 3-3)

4. Respiratory Bronchiolitis-Interstitial Lung Disease (Box 3-4)

5. Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia (Box 3-5)

6. Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia (Box 3-6)

7. Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis (Box 3-7)

8. Acute Interstitial Pneumonia (Box 3-8)

9. Unclassifiable Interstitial Pneumonia (Box 3-9)

Further Reading

CHAPTER 4

Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases

10. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (Box 4-10)

11. Connective Tissue Disease-Related Interstitial Lung Disease (Box 4-11.1)

12. Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema (Box 4-12)

13. Smoking-Related Interstitial Fibrosis

14. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

15. Sarcoidosis

16. Pneumoconiosis

17. Drug-Induced Lung Disease

18. Familial Pulmonary Fibrosis

19. Post-COVID-19 Fibrosis

20. Post-ARDS Fibrosis

Further Reading

CHAPTER 5

HRCT Features and Signs

21. Honeycombing

22. Traction Bronchiectasis

23. Traction Bronchiolectasis

24. Reticular Opacities

25. Ground-Glass Opacities

26. Architectural Distortion

27. Volume Loss

28. Dendriform Pulmonary Ossification

29. Apicobasal Gradient

30. Peripheral Distribution

31. Bronchocentric Distribution

32. Anterior Upper Lobe Sign

33. Four Corners Sign

34. Straight Edge Sign

35. Exuberant Honeycombing Sign

36. Smoking-Related Emphysema

37. Cicatricial Emphysema

38. Consolidation

39. Cysts

40. Nodules

41. Mosaic Attenuation

42. Three-Density Sign

43. Immediate Subpleural Sparing

44. Propeller Blade Distribution

45. Temporal and Spatial Heterogeneity

46. Intralobular Thickening

47. Hexagonal Pattern

48. Platythorax

49. Pleural Thickening

50. Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy

Further Reading

Index