Victor and Natalia Olifer, Moscow, Russia are a prize-winning and best-selling husband and wife author team. Collaborating with A-List translators - experts in translating computing books by eastern european authors - they will spend a sabbatical year in London designing the courseware to accompany this textbook.

PREFACE 1

PART I: NETWORKING BASICS 7

CHAPTER 1: EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER NETWORKS 9
1.1 INTRODUCTION 10
1.2 ROOTS OF COMPUTER NETWORKS 10
1.3 FIRST COMPUTER NETWORKS 14
1.4 CONVERGENCE OF NETWORKS 20

CHAPTER 2: GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF NETWORK DESIGN 27
2.1 INTRODUCTION 28
2.2 PROBLEMS OF SHARING COMPUTER RESOURCES 29
2.3 PROBLEMS OF PHYSICAL DATA TRANSMISSION USING COMMUNICATIONS LINKS 37
2.4 PROBLEMS OF INTERACTION AMONG SEVERAL COMPUTERS 41
2.5 GENERALIZED SWITCHING PROBLEM 50
CHAPTER 3: PACKET AND CIRCUIT SWITCHING 65

3.1 INTRODUCTION 66
3.2 CIRCUIT SWITCHING 66
3.3 PACKET SWITCHING 72
3.4 PACKET SWITCHING IN SHARED MEDIUM NETWORKS 91

CHAPTER 4: NETWORK ARCHITECTURE AND STANDARDIZATION 107
4.1 INTRODUCTION 108
4.2 DECOMPOSITION OF NETWORK NODE INTERACTION 108
4.3 OSI MODEL 113
4.4 NETWORK STANDARDIZATION 126
4.5 INFORMATION AND TRANSPORT SERVICES 139

CHAPTER 5: EXAMPLES OF NETWORKS 149
5.1 INTRODUCTION 150
5.2 GENERALIZED STRUCTURE OF A TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK 150
5.3 TELECOMMUNICATIONS CARRIER NETWORKS 153
5.4 CORPORATE NETWORKS 160
5.5 INTERNET 166

CHAPTER 6: NETWORK CHARACTERISTICS 179
6.1 INTRODUCTION 180
6.2 TYPES OF CHARACTERISTICS 180
6.3 PERFORMANCE 184
6.4 RELIABILITY 191
6.5 SECURITY 198
6.6 PROVIDER-ONLY CHARACTERISTICS 203

CHAPTER 7: METHODS OF ENSURING QUALITY OF SERVICE 209
7.1 INTRODUCTION 210
7.2 APPLICATIONS AND QOS 211
7.3 QUEUE ANALYSIS 216
7.4 QOS MECHANISMS 222
7.5 QUEUE MANAGEMENT ALGORITHMS 224
7.6 FEEDBACK 230
7.7 RESOURCE RESERVATION 235
7.8 TRAFFIC ENGINEERING 242

PART II: PHYSICAL LAYER TECHNOLOGIES 253

CHAPTER 8: TRANSMISSION LINKS 255
8.1 INTRODUCTION 256
8.2 TAXONOMY 256
8.3 TRANSMISSION LINK CHARACTERISTICS 261
8.4 CABLE TYPES 275

CHAPTER 9: DATA ENCODING AND MULTIPLEXING 285
9.1 INTRODUCTION 286
9.2 MODULATION 286
9.3 DIGITIZING ANALOG SIGNALS 292
9.4 ENCODING METHODS 294
9.5 ERROR DETECTION AND CORRECTION 306
9.6 MULTIPLEXING AND SWITCHING 309

CHAPTER 10: WIRELESS TRANSMISSION 317
10.1 INTRODUCTION 318
10.2 WIRELESS MEDIA 318
10.3 WIRELESS SYSTEMS 326
10.4 SPREAD SPECTRUM TECHNOLOGY 336

CHAPTER 11: TRANSMISSION NETWORKS 345
11.1 INTRODUCTION 346
11.2 PDH NETWORKS 346
11.3 SONET/SDH NETWORKS 351
11.4 DWDM NETWORKS 367
11.5 CASE STUDY 376

PART III: LOCAL AREA NETWORKS 383

CHAPTER 12: ETHERNET 387
12.1 INTRODUCTION 388
12.2 GENERAL CHARACTERISTIC OF LAN PROTOCOLS 388
12.3 CSMA/CD 399
12.4 ETHERNET FRAME FORMATS 406
12.5 MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE OF THE ETHERNET NETWORK 411
12.6 ETHERNET PHYSICAL MEDIUM SPECIFICATIONS 413
12.7 CASE STUDY 423

CHAPTER 13: HIGH-SPEED ETHERNET 435
13.1 INTRODUCTION 436
13.2 FAST ETHERNET 436
13.3 GIGABIT ETHERNET 448

CHAPTER 14: SHARED MEDIA LANS 457
14.1 INTRODUCTION 458
14.2 TOKEN RING 45814.3 FDDI 463
14.4 WIRELESS LANS 468
14.5 PAN AND BLUETOOTH 480
14.6 SHARED MEDIA LAN EQUIPMENT 488

CHAPTER 15: SWITCHED LAN BASICS 505
15.1 INTRODUCTION 506
15.2 LOGICAL NETWORK STRUCTURING USING BRIDGES AND SWITCHES 506
15.3 SWITCHES 518
15.4 FULL-DUPLEX LAN PROTOCOLS 536

CHAPTER 16: ADVANCED FEATURES OF SWITCHED LANS 547
16.1 INTRODUCTION 548
16.2 SPANNING TREE ALGORITHM 549
16.3 LINK AGGREGATION IN LANS 555
16.4 VIRTUAL LANS 562
16.5 QUALITY OF SERVICE IN LANS 571
16.6 LIMITATIONS OF BRIDGES AND SWITCHES 573
16.7 CASE STUDY 575

PART IV: TCP/IP INTERNET-WORKING 579

CHAPTER 17: ADDRESSING IN TCP/IP NETWORKS 581
17.1 INTRODUCTION 582
17.2 ADDRESS TYPES OF THE TCP/IP STACK 582
17.3 IP ADDRESS FORMAT 586
17.4 IP ADDRESS ASSIGNMENT ORDER 592
17.5 MAPPING IP ADDRESSES TO LOCAL ADDRESSES 596
17.6 DNS 603
17.7 DHCP 609

CHAPTER 18: INTERNET PROTOCOL 617
18.1 INTRODUCTION 618
18.2 IP PACKET FORMAT 618
18.3 IP ROUTING METHOD 622
18.4 ROUTING USING MASKS 638
18.5 FRAGMENTATION OF IP PACKETS 653
18.6 IPV6 658

CHAPTER 19: CORE PROTOCOL OF THE TCP/IP STACK 673
19.1 INTRODUCTION 674
19.2 TCP AND UDP TRANSPORT-LAYER PROTOCOLS 674
19.3 ROUTING PROTOCOLS 690
19.4 INTERNET CONTROL MESSAGE PROTOCOL 713

CHAPTER 20: ADVANCED FEATURES OF IP ROUTERS 725
20.1 INTRODUCTION 726
20.2 FILTERING 727
20.3 IP QOS 731
20.4 NETWORK ADDRESS TRANSLATION 745
20.5 ROUTERS 750

PART V: WIDE AREA NETWORKS 763

CHAPTER 21: VIRTUAL CIRCUIT WAN 767
21.1 INTRODUCTION 768
21.2 VIRTUAL CIRCUITS TECHNIQUE 769
21.3 X.25 NETWORKS 775
21.4 FRAME RELAY NETWORKS 779
21.5 ATM TECHNOLOGY 787

CHAPTER 22: IP WANS 807
22.1 INTRODUCTION 808
22.2 PURE IP WANS 808
22.3 IP OVER ATM OR FRAME RELAY 818
22.4 MULTIPROTOCOL LABEL SWITCHING 821
22.5 NETWORK MANAGEMENT 839

CHAPTER 23: REMOTE ACCESS 859
23.1 INTRODUCTION 860
23.2 METHODS OF REMOTE ACCESS 861
23.3 DIAL-UP ANALOG ACCESS 870
23.4 DIAL-UP ACCESS USING ISDN 877\
23.5 XDSL TECHNOLOGY 886
23.6 ACCESS USING CABLE TV 890
23.7 WIRELESS ACCESS 891

CHAPTER 24: SECURE TRANSPORT SERVICES 897
24.1 INTRODUCTION 898
24.2 IPSEC PROTECTED CHANNEL SERVICE 899
24.3 VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK SERVICE 913
24.4 MPLS VPN 921

SUMMARY 936
REVIEW QUESTIONS 937
PROBLEMS 938
CONCLUSION 939
REFERENCES AND RECOMMENDED READING 941
INDEX 951