Introduction

Section 1. Fighting disinformation from a theoretical perspective. Designing Projects YouCheck! and YouVerify!

1. The state-of-the-art in combating mis- and disinformation: Lessons from pre- and debunking approaches

2. The Political Economy of Fact-Checking: From Hope to Reality Check

3. MIL theories and the fight against disinformation in practice: projects YouCheck! and YouVerify!

Section 2. Fighting disinformation from a practical perspective. Results of projects YouCheck! and YouVerify!

4. Using tools to fight disinformation in and outside the classrooms: Evidence from four countries

5. Scaling up the fight against disinformation: the MOOC "Disinformation Step by Step" in project YouVerify!

6. The role of facilitation to foster participation and ensure knowledge transfer in media and information literacy: the case of the MOOC "Disinformation Step by Step"

7. Fighting against disinformation: measuring effects in Spain

8. 21st-century skills: enforcing resilience and critical thinking against visual disinformation through serious games

Section 3. Fighting mis- and disinformation from a policy making perspective. Solutions from projects YouCheck! and YouVerify!

9. Fighting disinformation: evidence for policy making

10. Public policies to fight disinformation actively through media and information literacy

Conclusions