Spencer M. Di Scala is an award-winning Emeritus Professor of History at the University of Massachusetts and has published widely on modern Italian and European History. His books include: Italy: From Revolution to Republic, 4th ed. (2008); Europe's Long Century: 1900-Present: Society, Politics, Culture (2013); and Makers of the Modern World: Vittorio Orlando (2014). He has edited Mussolini 1883-1915 (with Emilio Gentile, 2016).

Prologue: 1.Mussolini's Context: Italy and its Discontents, 1861-1915 Part I: Genesis, Development, and Collapse of a Regime [...] Emergence of Benito Mussolini, 1883-1910 3. Mussolini and the Wars, 1911-1914 4. Mussolini, World War I, and the "Red Biennium," 1915-1920 5. Mussolini's Seizure of Power, 1920-1922 6. The Duce Structures the Dictatorship, 1922-1929 7. The Duce's Revolution 8. The Corporate State and Fascist Ideology 9. Mussolini and Fascism: Interpretations 10. Mussolini's Foreign Policy, 1922-1939 11. Downfall: Mussolini's War and the Salò Republic, 1940-1945 Part II: Italian Fascism and Populism 12.Mussolini's Progeny: The Evolution of Fascism and the Link to Populism 13. Kindred Worlds: Mussolini's Fascism and Rightist Populism 14. The Duce and the Rise of Populism Part III: Bibliography