Summary of Research Examples xv Preface xvii 1 Scientific Thinking in Psychology 1 2 Ethics in Psychological Research 30 3 Developing Ideas for Research in Psychology 60 4 Sampling, Measurement, and Hypothesis Testing 93 5 Introduction to Experimental Research 129 6 Methodological Control in Experimental Research 159
7 Experimental Design I: Single?-Factor Designs 189 8 Experimental Design II: Factorial Designs 219 9 Non?-Experimental Design I: Survey Methods 255 10 Non?-Experimental Design II: Observational and Archival Methods 291 11 Quasi?-Experimental Designs and Applied Research 313 12 Small N Designs 343 Epilogue: What I Learned in My Research Methods Course 376 Appendix A Communicating the Results of Research in Psychology 379 Research Reports and APA-Style 379 General Guidelines 380 Writing Style 380 Using Numbers 380 Reducing Bias in Language 382 Avoiding Plagiarism 383 Main Sections of the Research Report 384 Presentations and Posters 395 Tips for Presenting a Paper 395

Tips for Presenting a Poster 395 Appendix B Answers to Selected End-of-Chapter Applications Exercises 399 Chapter 1. Scientific Thinking in Psychology 399 Chapter 2. Ethics in Psychological Research 400 Chapter 3. Developing Ideas for Research in Psychology 400 Chapter 4. Sampling, Measurement, and Hypothesis Testing 401 Chapter 5. Introduction to Experimental Research 402 Chapter 6. Methodological Control in Experimental Research 403 Chapter 7. Experimental Design I: Single?]Factor Designs 405 Chapter 8. Experimental Design II: Factorial Designs 408 Chapter 9. Non?-Experimental Design I: Survey Methods 410 Chapter 10. Non?-Experimental Design II: Observational and Archival Methods 411 Chapter 11. Quasi?-Experimental Designs and Applied Research 411 Chapter 12. Small N Designs 413 Appendix A. Communicating the Results of Research in Psychology 414 Glossary 416 References 430 Index 451