Acknowledgments vii

Introduction. The NGO Form: Feminist Struggles, States, and Neoliberalism / Victoria Bernal and Inderpal Grewal 1

Part I. NGOs Beyond Success or Failure 19

1. The Movementization of NGOs? Women's Organizing in Postwar Bosnia-Herzegovina / Elissa Helms 21

2. Failed Development and Rural Revolution in Nepal: Rethinking Subaltern Consciousness and Women's Empowerment / Lauren Leve 50

3. The State and Women's Empowerment in India Paradoxes and Politics / Aradhana Sharma 93

Part II. Postcolonial Neoliberalisms and the NGO Form 115

4. Global Civil Society and the Local Costs of Belonging: Defining Violence against Women in Russia / Julie Hemment 119

5. Resolving a Gendered Paradox: Women's Participation and the NGO Boom in North India / Kathleen O'Reilly 143

6. Power and Difference in Thai Women's NGO Activism / LeeRay M. Costa 166

7. Demystifying Microcredit: The Grameen Bank, NGOs, and Neoliberalism in Bangladesh / Lamia Karim 193

Part III. Feminist Social Movements and NGOs 219

8. Feminist Bastards: Toward a Posthumanist Critique of NGOization / Saida Hodzic 221

9. Lived Feminism(s) in Postcommunist Romania / Laura Grünberg 248

10. Women's Advocacy Networks: The European Union, Women's NGOs, and the Velvet Triangle / Sabine Lange 266

11. Beyond NGOization? Relrections from Latin America / Sonia E. Alvarez 285

Conclusion. Feminisms and the NGO Form / Victoria Bernal and Inderpal Grewal 301

Bibliography 311

Contributors 353

Index 357