Preface to the Second Edition. .
Acknowledgments. .

1. Basic Concepts of Logic :.

Arguments.

Validity.

Implication And Equivalence.

Logical Properties Of Sentences.

Satisfiability.

2. Sentences:.

The Language Of Sentential Logic.

Truth Functions.

A Sentential Language.

Symbolization.

Validity.

Truth Tables.

Truth Tables for Formulas.

Truth Tables for Argument Forms.

Implication, Equivalence and Satisfiability.

3. Truth Trees:.

Thinking Backwards.

Constructing Truth Trees.

Negation, Conjunction, and Disjunction.

The Conditional and Biconditional.

Other Applications.

4. Natural Deduction:.

Natural Deduction Systems.

Rules for Negation and Conjunction.

Rules for the Conditional and Biconditional.

Rules for Disjunction.

Derivable Rules.

5. Quantifiers:.

Constants and Quantifiers.

Categorical Sentence Forms.

Polyadic Predicates.

The Language Q.

Symbolization.

6. Quantified Truth Trees:.

Rules for Quantifiers.

Strategies.

Interpretations.

Constructing Interpretations from Trees.

7. Quantified Natural Deduction:.

Deduction Rules for Quantifiers.

Universal Proof.

Derived Rules for Quantifiers.

8. Identity And Function Symbols:.

Identity.

Truth Tree Rules for Identity.

Deduction Rules for Identity.

Function Symbols.

9. Necessity:.

If.

Modal Connectives.

Symbolization.

Modal Truth Trees.

Other Tree Rules.

World Travelling.

Modal Deduction.

Other Modal Systems.

10. Between Truth And Falsehood:.

Vagueness And Presupposition.

Many-Valued Truth Tables.

Many-Valued Trees.

Many-Valued Deduction.

Fuzzy Logic.

Intuitionistic Logic.

11. Obligation:.

Deontic Connectives.

Deontic Truth Trees.

Deontic Deduction.

Moral and Practical Reasoning.

12. Counterfactuals:.

The Meaning of Counterfactuals.

Truth Tree Rules for Counterfactuals.

Deduction Rules for Counterfactuals.

Stalnaker s Semantics: System CS.

Lewis s Semantics: System CL.

13. Common-Sense Reasoning:.

When Good Arguments Go Bad.

Truth Trees.

Defeasible Deduction.

Defeasible Deontic Logic.

14. Quantifiers And Modality:.

Quantified S5.

Free Logic.

Bibliography.

Index.