List of illustrations Editorial note List of abbreviations Introduction IVO SCHA-FFER 1The Middle Ages B. M. J. SPEET First Signs of a Jewish Presence * The Northern Netherlands * Violent Persecution * Gelderland in the Fifteenth Century * Discrimination and Expulsion * The Christian Origins of Antisemitism * Fresh Accusations * In Search of an Explanation 2Between the Middle Ages and the Golden Age, 1516-1621 DANIEL M. SWETSCHINSKI Jews in the Holy Roman Empire * The Iberian Background * Portuguese New Christians in Antwerp * The Attitude of Humanists and Reformers to Jews and Judaism * The Toleration Debate and the Jews * Portuguese New Christians in Holland * Four Christian Views of Jews * The Growth of the Sephardi Colony in Amsterdam * The Future Still Uncertain 3The Republic of the United Netherlands until about 1750: Demography and Economic Activity JONATHAN I. ISRAEL The Early Decades, 1595-1648 * Expansion and Colonization * The Burgeoning of Commerce and of the Credit System, 1648-1713 * Growing Population Figures During the Period of Economic Decline, 1713-1750 4The Jews in the Republic until about 1750: Religious, Cultural, and Social Life YOSEF KAPLAN The Organization of the Community * Three Congregations * The Influx of Paupers * The Power of the Mahamad * New Synagogues * Sephardim and Ashkenazim outside Amsterdam * Religious Life: Tradition and Change * A Good Education * Ashkenazi Life * Jewish Printers in Amsterdam * The Shabbatean Movement in Amsterdam * Influential Rabbis * Culture and Secular Creativity * Literature and the Stage * Everyday Life * Ideological Conflicts * Relations between Jews and Christians * Jewish Stereotypes 5 Enlightenment and Emancipation, c.1750-1814 RENATE G. FUKS-MANSFELD Good Citizens * Demographic Changes and Emigration * Economic Changes * The Administration of the Jewish Communities * Administrative Changes after 1796 * Religious and Cultural Life 6 Arduous Adaptation, 1814-1870 RENATE G. FUKS-MANSFELD The Government and the Jews * Education * The Reorganization of the Jewish Communities after 1848 * The Government and Jews under Threat Abroad * Dutch Jews as Citizens * Economic and Social Changes * The Attitude of Protestants and Catholics towards Jews * Cultural and Religious Trends * Reactions to the New Jewish Fellow-Citizens 7Jewish Netherlanders, Netherlands Jews, and Jews in the Netherlands, 1870-1940 J. C. H. BLOM and JOEL J. CAHEN Demography * Occupations, Economic Role, and Poverty * Religious Life, (Sub)culture, and Pillarization * Assimilation, Integration, and Antisemitism * Solidarity with International Jewry and Zionism * Refugees from Germany * Jews in the Dutch Colonies * Jew and Netherlander 8The War, 1940-1945 PETER ROMIJN The German Invasion * Registration * Segregation * New Regulations * Outlaws * Deportations and the Yellow Star * Forced Removal and Labour Camps * Organization and Selection * Flight, Going into Hiding, and Resistance * The Transit Camps * Deportation and Murder * Conclusion 9After the Second World War: From Religious Community to Cultural Minority F. CHAYA BRASZ The First Few Months * The Jewish Co-ordination Committee * Antisemitism * Religious Congregations * Migration * The Struggle for the Jewish War Orphans * The Purges * Jews in Modern Dutch Society after 1950 * Numbers and Distribution * A Cultural Minority * Religious Developments * The Colonies * Jews and Christians * Zionism * Middle East Policy * The Holocaust * Epilogue Bibliographical essays Bibliography Notes on contributors Index of names General Index