Dr Mike Leach - Department of Haematology, Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, UK

Dr Mark Drummond - Haematology Department, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK

Dr Allyson Doig - Department of Haematology, Gartnavel Hospital, Glasgow, UK

Preface, vii

Acknowledgements, viii

1 Introduction, 1

References, 2

2 Principles of Flow Cytometry, 3

Introduction, 3

Sample preparation, 3

The flow cytometer, 4

The fluidic system, 4

The optical system, 5

The electronic system, 9

Data display, 9

Acknowledgements, 18

References, 19

3 Limitations, 20

Introduction, 20

Clinical context issues, 20

Sampling issues, 20

Technical issues, 25

Interpretation issues, 28

Conclusion, 29

References, 29

4 Normal Blood and Bone Marrow Populations, 31

Normal stem and precursor cell populations, 31

References, 41

5 Acute Leukaemia, 43

Introduction, 43

Identification of neoplastic precursor cells, 45

Lineage assignment of acute leukaemia, 52

Acute myeloid leukaemia, 54

Precursor lymphoid neoplasms (acute lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma), 77

Examination of cerebro-spinal fluid and serous effusions, 88

Identification of genetic abnormalities by flow, 92

Conclusion, 93

References, 93

6 Chronic Lymphoid Leukaemias and Exfoliating Lymphoma, 100

Normal peripheral blood lymphoid populations, 100

Identification of clonal lymphoid populations, 101

Identification of clonal B-cell disorders, 101

CD5 positive B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, 102

CD10 positive B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, 116

B-cell disorders identified using an extended B-cell panel, 121

Identification of clonal T-cell disorders, 125

CD4 positive T-cell disorders, 128

CD8 positive T-cell disorders, 136

CD4/CD8 positive T-cell disorders, 141

CD4/8 negative disorders, 141

Flow cytometric assessment of serous effusions, 146

Flow cytometric assessment of cerebrospinal fluid, 146

Summary, 149

References, 149

7 Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, 152

Introduction, 152

Myelodysplastic syndromes, 152

Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms, 163

Chronic myeloid leukaemia, 165

The BCR-ABL negative myeloproliferative neoplasms, 166

Mastocytosis, 167

Summary, 170

References, 170

8 Disorders of Plasma Cells, 173

Plasma cell disorders, 173

Current diagnostic criteria, 173

Plasma cell morphology, 175

The applications of immunophenotyping to plasma cell disorders, 178

References, 183

9 Minimal Residual Disease, 184

Introduction, 184

Minimal residual disease analysis in the management of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, 187

Conclusions, 199

Acknowledgements, 200

References, 200

10 Red Cells, Leucocytes and Platelets, 202

Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria, 202

Red cell membrane disorders, 208

Foetal maternal haemorrhage, 211

Lymphocyte subset analysis

and immunodeficiency, 214

Haemopoietic stem cell enumeration, 214

Granulocyte disorders, 215

Platelet disorders, 219

References, 221

11 Reactive and Non-neoplastic Phenomena, 225

Peripheral blood, 225

Bone marrow, 231

Pleural and pericardial fluids, 236

Bronchoalveolar lavage specimens, 238

Cerebrospinal fluid, 238

References, 240

Index, 243