Julian Dodd is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Manchester. He is the author of Works of Music: An Essay in Ontology (2007) and An Identity Theory of Truth (2000), and co-editor of Truthmakers: The Contemporary Debate (2005).

Sources and Acknowledgements viii

Introduction 1

1 Personal Identity 9

Introduction 9

Derek Parfit, 'Personal Identity' 13

Commentary on Parfit 30

Marya Schechtman, 'Personhood and Personal Identity' 36

Commentary on Schechtman 54

Further Reading 59

Essay Questions 59

2 Free Will 60

Introduction 60

Peter van Inwagen, 'The Incompatibility of Free Will and Determinism' 62

Commentary on van Inwagen 75

Daniel Dennett, 'Could Have Done Otherwise' (extract from Elbow Room) 82

Commentary on Dennett 93

Further Reading 97

Essay Questions 97

Appendix 98

3 Realism and Anti-realism 100

Introduction 100

Donald Davidson, 'On the Very Idea of a Conceptual Scheme' 106

Commentary on Davidson 117

Thomas Nagel, 'Thought and Reality' (extract from The View from Nowhere) 125

Commentary on Nagel 139

Further reading 145

Essay questions 145

4 Realism and Nominalism 146

Introduction 146

Michael Devitt, ' ''Ostrich Nominalism''or ''Mirage Realism''?' 150

Commentary on Devitt 157

D. M. Armstrong, 'Against ''Ostrich'' Nominalism: A Reply to Michael Devitt' 160

Commentary on Armstrong 170

Further reading 173

Essay questions 174

5 Possible Worlds 175

Introduction 175

David Lewis, extract from Counterfactuals 183

Commentary on Lewis 187

Saul Kripke, extract from Naming and Necessity 192

Commentary on Kripke 197

Further reading 203

Essay questions 203

6 Persistence over Time 204

Introduction 204

David Lewis, extract from On the Plurality of Worlds 209

Commentary on Lewis 212

Sally Haslanger, 'Endurance and Temporary Intrinsics' 214

Commentary on Haslanger 220

David Lewis, 'Tensing the Copula' 223

Commentary on Lewis 230

Further reading 233

Essay questions 233

Bibliography 234

Index 240