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Understand the complexities and challenges of retrofitting building infrastructure
Across the world, buildings are gradually becoming structurally unsound. Many were constructed before seismic load capacity was a mandatory component of building standards, and were often built with low-quality materials or using unsafe construction practices. Many more are simply aging, with materials degrading, and steel corroding. As a result, efforts are ongoing to retrofit existing structures, and to develop new techniques for assessing and enhancing seismic load capacity in order to create a safer building infrastructure worldwide.
Seismic Retrofit of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings provides a thorough book-length discussion of these techniques and their applications. Balancing theory and practice, the book provides engineers with a broad base of knowledge from which to approach real-world seismic assessments and retrofitting projects. It incorporates knowledge and experience frequently omitted from the building design process for a fuller account of this critical engineering subfield.
Seismic Retrofit of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings readers will also find:
* Detailed treatment of each available strengthening technique, complete with advantages and disadvantages
* In-depth guidelines to select a specific technique for a given building type and/or engineering scenario
* Step-by-step guidance through the assessment/retrofitting process
Seismic Retrofit of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings is an ideal reference for civil and structural engineering professionals and advanced students, particularly those working in seismically active areas.
Understand the complexities and challenges of retrofitting building infrastructure
Across the world, buildings are gradually becoming structurally unsound. Many were constructed before seismic load capacity was a mandatory component of building standards, and were often built with low-quality materials or using unsafe construction practices. Many more are simply aging, with materials degrading, and steel corroding. As a result, efforts are ongoing to retrofit existing structures, and to develop new techniques for assessing and enhancing seismic load capacity in order to create a safer building infrastructure worldwide.
Seismic Retrofit of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings provides a thorough book-length discussion of these techniques and their applications. Balancing theory and practice, the book provides engineers with a broad base of knowledge from which to approach real-world seismic assessments and retrofitting projects. It incorporates knowledge and experience frequently omitted from the building design process for a fuller account of this critical engineering subfield.
Seismic Retrofit of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings readers will also find:
* Detailed treatment of each available strengthening technique, complete with advantages and disadvantages
* In-depth guidelines to select a specific technique for a given building type and/or engineering scenario
* Step-by-step guidance through the assessment/retrofitting process
Seismic Retrofit of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings is an ideal reference for civil and structural engineering professionals and advanced students, particularly those working in seismically active areas.
Stelios Antoniou, Ph.D, is Managing Director of Seismosoft Ltd., a company that develops state-of-the-art software tools for nonlinear analysis, structural assessment, and structural strengthening, as well as CEO and Director of the Repair and Strengthening Section of Alfakat S.A., a construction company specializing in seismic load strengthening and retrofits. He holds degrees in civil engineering and earthquake engineering from the National Technical University of Athens, Greece, as well as both an MSc in Earthquake Engineering and a Ph.D. in advanced structural analysis from Imperial College, London, UK.
Foreword by Rui Pinho xvii
Acknowledgments xvix
1 Introduction 1
1.1 General 1
1.2 Why Do Old RC Buildings Need Strengthening? 3
1.3 Main Differences Between Assessment and Design Methodologies 4
1.4 Whom Is this Book For? 7
1.5 Main Standards for the Seismic Evaluation of Existing Structures 8
References 12
2 Know Your Building: The Importance of Accurate Knowledge of the Structural Configuration 15
2.1 Introduction 15
2.2 What Old RC Buildings Are Like 16
2.2.1 Lack of Stirrups 17
2.2.2 Unconventional Reinforcement in the Members 18
2.2.3 Large, Lightly Reinforced Shear Walls or Lack of Shear Walls 19
2.2.4 Lap Splices 22
2.2.5 Corrosion 22
2.2.6 Geometry: Location of Structural Members 25
2.2.7 Geometry: Bad Alignment of the Columns 25
2.2.8 Geometry: Arbitrary Alterations During Construction or During the Building's Lifetime 26
2.2.9 Bad Practices with Respect to the Mechanical and Electrical Installations 26
2.2.10 Soft Ground Stories 28
2.2.11 Short Columns 28
2.2.12 Different Construction Methods 30
2.2.13 Foundation Conditions 30
2.2.14 Discussion 32
2.2.15 One Final Example 34
2.3 How Come Our Predecessors Were So Irresponsible? 34
2.4 What the Codes Say - Knowledge Level and the Knowledge Factor 36
2.5 Final Remarks 39
References 39
3 Measurement of Existing Buildings, Destructive and Nondestructive Testing 41
3.1 Introduction 41
3.2 Information Needed for the Measured Drawings 41
3.3 Geometry 44
3.4 Details - Reinforcement 46
3.5 Material Strengths 52
3.6 Concrete Tests - Destructive Methods 54
3.7 Concrete Tests - Nondestructive Methods, NDT 55
3.7.1 Rebound Hammer Test 56
3.7.2 Penetration Resistance Test 56
3.7.3 Pull-Off Test 57
3.7.4 Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test, UPV 57
3.8 Steel Tests 58
3.9 Infill Panel Tests 58
3.10 What Is the Typical Procedure for Monitoring an Existing Building? 59
3.11 Final Remarks 61
References 62
4 Methods for Strengthening Reinforced Concrete Buildings 63
4.1 Introduction 63
4.2 Literature Review 64
4.3 Reinforced Concrete Jackets 67
4.3.1 Application 67
4.3.2 Advantages and Disadvantages 74
4.3.3 Design Issues: Modeling, Analysis, and Checks 76
4.4 Shotcrete 77
4.4.1 Introduction 77
4.4.2 Dry Mix vs. Wet Mix Shotcrete 79
4.4.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Shotcrete 80
4.4.4 What Is It Actually Called - Shotcrete or Gunite? 81
4.4.5 Materials, Proportioning, and Properties 81
4.4.5.1 Cement 81
4.4.5.2 Pozzolans 82
4.4.5.3 Silica Fume 82
4.4.5.4 Aggregates 82
4.4.5.5 Water 83
4.4.5.6 Fiber Reinforcement 83
4.4.5.7 Chemical Admixtures and Accelerators 85
4.4.5.8 Reinforcing Steel 85
4.4.6 Mix Proportions for the Dry-Mix Process 85
4.4.7 Equipment and Crew 86
4.4.7.1 Dry-Mix Process 86
4.4.7.2 Wet-Mix Process 87
4.4.8 Curing and Protection 87
4.4.9 Testing and Evaluation 88
4.5 New Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls 89
4.5.1 Application 89
4.5.2 Foundation Systems of New Shear Walls 97
4.5.3 Advantages and Disadvantages 98
4.5.4 Design Issues: Modeling and Analysis 98
4.6 RC Infilling 99
4.6.1 Application 99
4.6.2 Advantages and Disadvantages 100
4.7 Steel Bracing 101
4.7.1 Application 101
4.7.2 Advantages and Disadvantages 105
4.7.3 Design Issues: Modeling, Analysis, and Checks 106
4.8 Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (FRPs) 106
4.8.1 FRP Composite Materials 106
4.8.2 FRP Composites in Civil Engineering and Retrofit 107
4.8.3 FRP Composite Materials 109
4.8.4 FRP Wrapping 110
4.8.5 FRP Laminates 115
4.8.6 Near Surface Mounted FRP Reinforcement 119
4.8.7 FRP Strings 120
4.8.8 Sprayed FRP 122
4.8.9 Anchoring Issues 123
4.8.10 Advantages and Disadvantages of FRP Systems 123
4.8.11 Design Issues 125
4.9 Steel Plates and Steel Jackets 127
4.9.1 Advantages and Disadvantages 130
4.9.2 Design Issues 131
4.10 Damping Devices 131
4.11 Seismic Isolation 133
4.11.1 Type of Base Isolation Systems 136
4.11.2 Advantages and Disadvantages 138
4.11.3 Design Issues 138
4.12 Selective Strengthening and Weakening Through Infills 139
4.13 Strengthening of Infills 141
4.13.1 Glass or Carbon FRPs 142
4.13.2 Textile Reinforced Mortars TRM 143
4.13.3 Shotcrete 145
4.14 Connecting New and Existing Members 145
4.14.1 Design Issues 147
4.15 Strengthening of Individual Members 148
4.15.1 Strengthening of RC Columns or Walls 148
4.15.2 Strengthening of RC Beams 149
4.15.3 Strengthening of RC Slabs 153
4.15.4 Strengthening of RC Ground Slabs 154
4.16 Crack Repair - Epoxy Injections 157
4.17 Protection Against Corrosion, Repair Mortars, and Cathodic Protection 158
4.18 Foundation Strengthening 160
4.19 Concluding Remarks Regarding Strengthening Techniques 163
4.20 Evaluation of Different Seismic Retrofitting Solutions: A Case Study 164
4.20.1 Building Configuration 164
4.20.2 Effects of the Infills on the Structural Behavior 170
4.20.3 Strengthening with Jacketing 175
4.20.4 Strengthening with New RC Walls (Entire Building Height) 177
4.20.5 Strengthening with New RC Walls (Ground Level Only) 182
4.20.6 Strengthening with Braces 189
4.20.7 Strengthening with FRP Wrapping 192
4.20.8 Strengthening with Seismic Isolation 195
4.20.9 Comparison of the Methods 198
References 200
5 Criteria for Selecting Strengthening Methods - Case Studies 221
5.1 Things Are Rarely Simple 221
5.2 Criteria for Selecting Strengthening Method 222
5.3 Basic Principles of Conceptual Design 224
5.4 Some Rules of Thumb 226
5.5 Case Studies 231
5.5.1 Case Study 1: Seismic Upgrade of a Five-Story Hotel 232
5.5.2 Case Study 2: Seismic Upgrade of a Four-Story Hotel 236
5.5.3 Case Study 3: Seismic Upgrade of a Four-Story Hotel 237
5.5.4 Case Study 4: Seismic Upgrade of a Three-Story Residential Building 241
5.5.5 Case Study 5: Seismic Upgrade of a Three-Story Residential Building for the Addition of Two New Floors 241
5.5.6 Case Study 6: Seismic Strengthening of an 11-Story Building 244
5.5.7 Case Study 7: Seismic Strengthening of a Five-Story Building 247
5.5.8 Case Study 8: Seismic Strengthening of a Three-Story Building 247
5.5.9 Case Study 9: Strengthening a Building Damaged by a Severe Earthquake 248
5.5.10 Case Study 10: Strengthening of an 11-Story Building 251
5.5.11 Case Study 11: Strengthening of a Two-Story Building with Basement 253
5.5.12 Case Study 12: Strengthening of a Weak Ground Story with FRP Wraps 255
5.5.13 Case Study 13 (Several Examples): Strengthening of RC Slabs 257
5.5.14 Case Study 14: Strengthening of a Ground Slab 260
5.5.15 Case Study 15: Strengthening of Beam That Has Failed in Shear 260
5.5.16 Case Study 16: Demolition and Reconstruction of a RC Beam 260
5.5.17 Bonus Case Study 1: Strengthening of an Industrial Building 261
5.5.18 Bonus Case Study 2: Strengthening of an Industrial Building 262
5.5.19 Bonus Case Study 3: Strengthening of a Residential Building 263
References 268
6 Performance Levels and Performance Objectives 269
6.1 Introduction 269
6.1.1 Selection of Performance Objectives in the Design of New Buildings 269
6.1.2 Selection of Performance Objectives in the Assessment of Existing Buildings 270
6.2 Seismic Assessment and Retrofit Procedures 270
6.2.1 Seismic Assessment Procedures 270
6.2.2 Seismic Retrofit Procedures 271
6.3 Understanding Performance Objectives 272
6.3.1 Target-Building Performance Levels 272
6.3.1.1 Structural Performance Levels 273
6.3.1.2 Nonstructural Performance Levels 276
6.3.1.3 Target Building Performance Levels 279
6.3.2 Seismic Hazard Levels 280
6.3.3 Performance Objectives 282
[...]ocode 8, Part 3, and Other Standards 284
6.3.5 The Rationale for Accepting a Lower Performance Level for Existing Buildings 286
6.4 Choosing the Correct Performance Objective 287
References 289
7 Linear and Nonlinear Methods of Analysis 291
7.1 Introduction 291
7.2 General Requirements 294
7.2.1 Loading Combinations 294
7.2.2 Multidirectional Seismic Effects 295
7.2.3 Accidental Torsional Effects 295
7.3 Linear Static Procedure 296
7.4 Linear Dynamic Procedure 296
7.5 Nonlinear Structural Analysis 298
7.5.1 Nonlinear Structural Analysis in Engineering Practice 298
7.5.2 Challenges Associated with Nonlinear Analysis 300
7.5.3 Some Theoretical Background 301
7.5.3.1 Introduction 301
7.5.3.2 Sources of Nonlinearity 301
7.5.3.3 Solving Nonlinear Problems in Structural Analysis 302
7.5.3.4 Convergence Criteria 305
7.5.3.5 Numerical Instability, Divergence, and Iteration Prediction 306
7.5.4 Implications from the Basic Assumptions of Nonlinear Analysis 307
7.5.5 How Reliable Are Numerical Predictions from Nonlinear Analysis Methods? 309
7.5.6 Final Remarks on Nonlinear Analysis 310
7.6 Nonlinear Static Procedure 311
7.6.1 Pushover Analysis 311
7.6.2...
| Erscheinungsjahr: | 2023 |
|---|---|
| Fachbereich: | Bau- und Umwelttechnik |
| Genre: | Importe, Technik |
| Rubrik: | Naturwissenschaften & Technik |
| Medium: | Buch |
| Inhalt: | 544 S. |
| ISBN-13: | 9781119987321 |
| ISBN-10: | 1119987326 |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Einband: | Gebunden |
| Autor: | Antoniou, Stelios |
| Hersteller: | Wiley |
| Verantwortliche Person für die EU: | Wiley-VCH GmbH, Boschstr. 12, D-69469 Weinheim, product-safety@wiley.com |
| Maße: | 249 x 175 x 30 mm |
| Von/Mit: | Stelios Antoniou |
| Erscheinungsdatum: | 28.02.2023 |
| Gewicht: | 1,157 kg |
Stelios Antoniou, Ph.D, is Managing Director of Seismosoft Ltd., a company that develops state-of-the-art software tools for nonlinear analysis, structural assessment, and structural strengthening, as well as CEO and Director of the Repair and Strengthening Section of Alfakat S.A., a construction company specializing in seismic load strengthening and retrofits. He holds degrees in civil engineering and earthquake engineering from the National Technical University of Athens, Greece, as well as both an MSc in Earthquake Engineering and a Ph.D. in advanced structural analysis from Imperial College, London, UK.
Foreword by Rui Pinho xvii
Acknowledgments xvix
1 Introduction 1
1.1 General 1
1.2 Why Do Old RC Buildings Need Strengthening? 3
1.3 Main Differences Between Assessment and Design Methodologies 4
1.4 Whom Is this Book For? 7
1.5 Main Standards for the Seismic Evaluation of Existing Structures 8
References 12
2 Know Your Building: The Importance of Accurate Knowledge of the Structural Configuration 15
2.1 Introduction 15
2.2 What Old RC Buildings Are Like 16
2.2.1 Lack of Stirrups 17
2.2.2 Unconventional Reinforcement in the Members 18
2.2.3 Large, Lightly Reinforced Shear Walls or Lack of Shear Walls 19
2.2.4 Lap Splices 22
2.2.5 Corrosion 22
2.2.6 Geometry: Location of Structural Members 25
2.2.7 Geometry: Bad Alignment of the Columns 25
2.2.8 Geometry: Arbitrary Alterations During Construction or During the Building's Lifetime 26
2.2.9 Bad Practices with Respect to the Mechanical and Electrical Installations 26
2.2.10 Soft Ground Stories 28
2.2.11 Short Columns 28
2.2.12 Different Construction Methods 30
2.2.13 Foundation Conditions 30
2.2.14 Discussion 32
2.2.15 One Final Example 34
2.3 How Come Our Predecessors Were So Irresponsible? 34
2.4 What the Codes Say - Knowledge Level and the Knowledge Factor 36
2.5 Final Remarks 39
References 39
3 Measurement of Existing Buildings, Destructive and Nondestructive Testing 41
3.1 Introduction 41
3.2 Information Needed for the Measured Drawings 41
3.3 Geometry 44
3.4 Details - Reinforcement 46
3.5 Material Strengths 52
3.6 Concrete Tests - Destructive Methods 54
3.7 Concrete Tests - Nondestructive Methods, NDT 55
3.7.1 Rebound Hammer Test 56
3.7.2 Penetration Resistance Test 56
3.7.3 Pull-Off Test 57
3.7.4 Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test, UPV 57
3.8 Steel Tests 58
3.9 Infill Panel Tests 58
3.10 What Is the Typical Procedure for Monitoring an Existing Building? 59
3.11 Final Remarks 61
References 62
4 Methods for Strengthening Reinforced Concrete Buildings 63
4.1 Introduction 63
4.2 Literature Review 64
4.3 Reinforced Concrete Jackets 67
4.3.1 Application 67
4.3.2 Advantages and Disadvantages 74
4.3.3 Design Issues: Modeling, Analysis, and Checks 76
4.4 Shotcrete 77
4.4.1 Introduction 77
4.4.2 Dry Mix vs. Wet Mix Shotcrete 79
4.4.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Shotcrete 80
4.4.4 What Is It Actually Called - Shotcrete or Gunite? 81
4.4.5 Materials, Proportioning, and Properties 81
4.4.5.1 Cement 81
4.4.5.2 Pozzolans 82
4.4.5.3 Silica Fume 82
4.4.5.4 Aggregates 82
4.4.5.5 Water 83
4.4.5.6 Fiber Reinforcement 83
4.4.5.7 Chemical Admixtures and Accelerators 85
4.4.5.8 Reinforcing Steel 85
4.4.6 Mix Proportions for the Dry-Mix Process 85
4.4.7 Equipment and Crew 86
4.4.7.1 Dry-Mix Process 86
4.4.7.2 Wet-Mix Process 87
4.4.8 Curing and Protection 87
4.4.9 Testing and Evaluation 88
4.5 New Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls 89
4.5.1 Application 89
4.5.2 Foundation Systems of New Shear Walls 97
4.5.3 Advantages and Disadvantages 98
4.5.4 Design Issues: Modeling and Analysis 98
4.6 RC Infilling 99
4.6.1 Application 99
4.6.2 Advantages and Disadvantages 100
4.7 Steel Bracing 101
4.7.1 Application 101
4.7.2 Advantages and Disadvantages 105
4.7.3 Design Issues: Modeling, Analysis, and Checks 106
4.8 Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (FRPs) 106
4.8.1 FRP Composite Materials 106
4.8.2 FRP Composites in Civil Engineering and Retrofit 107
4.8.3 FRP Composite Materials 109
4.8.4 FRP Wrapping 110
4.8.5 FRP Laminates 115
4.8.6 Near Surface Mounted FRP Reinforcement 119
4.8.7 FRP Strings 120
4.8.8 Sprayed FRP 122
4.8.9 Anchoring Issues 123
4.8.10 Advantages and Disadvantages of FRP Systems 123
4.8.11 Design Issues 125
4.9 Steel Plates and Steel Jackets 127
4.9.1 Advantages and Disadvantages 130
4.9.2 Design Issues 131
4.10 Damping Devices 131
4.11 Seismic Isolation 133
4.11.1 Type of Base Isolation Systems 136
4.11.2 Advantages and Disadvantages 138
4.11.3 Design Issues 138
4.12 Selective Strengthening and Weakening Through Infills 139
4.13 Strengthening of Infills 141
4.13.1 Glass or Carbon FRPs 142
4.13.2 Textile Reinforced Mortars TRM 143
4.13.3 Shotcrete 145
4.14 Connecting New and Existing Members 145
4.14.1 Design Issues 147
4.15 Strengthening of Individual Members 148
4.15.1 Strengthening of RC Columns or Walls 148
4.15.2 Strengthening of RC Beams 149
4.15.3 Strengthening of RC Slabs 153
4.15.4 Strengthening of RC Ground Slabs 154
4.16 Crack Repair - Epoxy Injections 157
4.17 Protection Against Corrosion, Repair Mortars, and Cathodic Protection 158
4.18 Foundation Strengthening 160
4.19 Concluding Remarks Regarding Strengthening Techniques 163
4.20 Evaluation of Different Seismic Retrofitting Solutions: A Case Study 164
4.20.1 Building Configuration 164
4.20.2 Effects of the Infills on the Structural Behavior 170
4.20.3 Strengthening with Jacketing 175
4.20.4 Strengthening with New RC Walls (Entire Building Height) 177
4.20.5 Strengthening with New RC Walls (Ground Level Only) 182
4.20.6 Strengthening with Braces 189
4.20.7 Strengthening with FRP Wrapping 192
4.20.8 Strengthening with Seismic Isolation 195
4.20.9 Comparison of the Methods 198
References 200
5 Criteria for Selecting Strengthening Methods - Case Studies 221
5.1 Things Are Rarely Simple 221
5.2 Criteria for Selecting Strengthening Method 222
5.3 Basic Principles of Conceptual Design 224
5.4 Some Rules of Thumb 226
5.5 Case Studies 231
5.5.1 Case Study 1: Seismic Upgrade of a Five-Story Hotel 232
5.5.2 Case Study 2: Seismic Upgrade of a Four-Story Hotel 236
5.5.3 Case Study 3: Seismic Upgrade of a Four-Story Hotel 237
5.5.4 Case Study 4: Seismic Upgrade of a Three-Story Residential Building 241
5.5.5 Case Study 5: Seismic Upgrade of a Three-Story Residential Building for the Addition of Two New Floors 241
5.5.6 Case Study 6: Seismic Strengthening of an 11-Story Building 244
5.5.7 Case Study 7: Seismic Strengthening of a Five-Story Building 247
5.5.8 Case Study 8: Seismic Strengthening of a Three-Story Building 247
5.5.9 Case Study 9: Strengthening a Building Damaged by a Severe Earthquake 248
5.5.10 Case Study 10: Strengthening of an 11-Story Building 251
5.5.11 Case Study 11: Strengthening of a Two-Story Building with Basement 253
5.5.12 Case Study 12: Strengthening of a Weak Ground Story with FRP Wraps 255
5.5.13 Case Study 13 (Several Examples): Strengthening of RC Slabs 257
5.5.14 Case Study 14: Strengthening of a Ground Slab 260
5.5.15 Case Study 15: Strengthening of Beam That Has Failed in Shear 260
5.5.16 Case Study 16: Demolition and Reconstruction of a RC Beam 260
5.5.17 Bonus Case Study 1: Strengthening of an Industrial Building 261
5.5.18 Bonus Case Study 2: Strengthening of an Industrial Building 262
5.5.19 Bonus Case Study 3: Strengthening of a Residential Building 263
References 268
6 Performance Levels and Performance Objectives 269
6.1 Introduction 269
6.1.1 Selection of Performance Objectives in the Design of New Buildings 269
6.1.2 Selection of Performance Objectives in the Assessment of Existing Buildings 270
6.2 Seismic Assessment and Retrofit Procedures 270
6.2.1 Seismic Assessment Procedures 270
6.2.2 Seismic Retrofit Procedures 271
6.3 Understanding Performance Objectives 272
6.3.1 Target-Building Performance Levels 272
6.3.1.1 Structural Performance Levels 273
6.3.1.2 Nonstructural Performance Levels 276
6.3.1.3 Target Building Performance Levels 279
6.3.2 Seismic Hazard Levels 280
6.3.3 Performance Objectives 282
[...]ocode 8, Part 3, and Other Standards 284
6.3.5 The Rationale for Accepting a Lower Performance Level for Existing Buildings 286
6.4 Choosing the Correct Performance Objective 287
References 289
7 Linear and Nonlinear Methods of Analysis 291
7.1 Introduction 291
7.2 General Requirements 294
7.2.1 Loading Combinations 294
7.2.2 Multidirectional Seismic Effects 295
7.2.3 Accidental Torsional Effects 295
7.3 Linear Static Procedure 296
7.4 Linear Dynamic Procedure 296
7.5 Nonlinear Structural Analysis 298
7.5.1 Nonlinear Structural Analysis in Engineering Practice 298
7.5.2 Challenges Associated with Nonlinear Analysis 300
7.5.3 Some Theoretical Background 301
7.5.3.1 Introduction 301
7.5.3.2 Sources of Nonlinearity 301
7.5.3.3 Solving Nonlinear Problems in Structural Analysis 302
7.5.3.4 Convergence Criteria 305
7.5.3.5 Numerical Instability, Divergence, and Iteration Prediction 306
7.5.4 Implications from the Basic Assumptions of Nonlinear Analysis 307
7.5.5 How Reliable Are Numerical Predictions from Nonlinear Analysis Methods? 309
7.5.6 Final Remarks on Nonlinear Analysis 310
7.6 Nonlinear Static Procedure 311
7.6.1 Pushover Analysis 311
7.6.2...
| Erscheinungsjahr: | 2023 |
|---|---|
| Fachbereich: | Bau- und Umwelttechnik |
| Genre: | Importe, Technik |
| Rubrik: | Naturwissenschaften & Technik |
| Medium: | Buch |
| Inhalt: | 544 S. |
| ISBN-13: | 9781119987321 |
| ISBN-10: | 1119987326 |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Einband: | Gebunden |
| Autor: | Antoniou, Stelios |
| Hersteller: | Wiley |
| Verantwortliche Person für die EU: | Wiley-VCH GmbH, Boschstr. 12, D-69469 Weinheim, product-safety@wiley.com |
| Maße: | 249 x 175 x 30 mm |
| Von/Mit: | Stelios Antoniou |
| Erscheinungsdatum: | 28.02.2023 |
| Gewicht: | 1,157 kg |
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