1. Introduction Kenneth Pomeranz and John McNeill; Part I. Material Matrices: 2. Energy, population, and environmental change since 1750: entering the anthropocene John McNeill; 3. The economic history of agriculture since 1800 Giovanni Federico; 4. Industrialization Kaoru Sugihara, John McNeill, Kenneth Pomeranz and Merry Wiesner-Hanks; 5. The history of world technology, 1750-present Paul Josephson; 6. A new world of energy Vaclav Smil; Part II. Population and Disease: 7. Demography and population Massimo Livi-Bacci; 8. Population politics since 1750 Alison Bashford; 9. Disease and world history from 1750 Mark Harrison; 10. The politics of smallpox eradication Erez Manela; Part III. Politics: 11. The evolution of international law Tony Arend; 12. On nationalism Aviel Roshwald; 13. Assessing imperialism Danielle Kinsey; 14. Self-strengthening and other political responses to the expansion of European economic and political power Bin Wong; 15. Decolonization and its legacy Prasenjit Duara; 16. Genocide Mark Levene; 17. Communism and fascism Robert Strayer; Part IV. World Regions: 18. The Middle East in world history since 1750 John Voll; 19. East Asia in world history Mark Selden; 20. Latin America in world history Julie Charlip; 21. Africa in world history Frederick Cooper; 22. The United States in world history since the 1750s Ian Tyrrell; 23. The economic history of the Pacific Lionel Frost.