SHANE BRENNAN is Associate Professor of History and Classics at the Asian University for Women in Bangladesh. From 2016-22 he taught at the American University in Dubai, UAE, and from 2011-16 at Mardin Artuklu University in the south-east of Türkiye. He has co-edited and contributed to several books and is the author of a travelogue based on Xenophon's Anabasis, In the Tracks of the Ten Thousand, and a monograph, Xenophon's Anabasis: A Socratic History.

DAVID THOMAS trained in classics at the University of Oxford, being awarded a Doctorate of Philosophy in 1978 and returning to Xenophontic studies in 2003 on his retirement from his career in finance. He is the author of the introduction to The Landmark Xenophon’s Hellenika and serves as a vice president of the Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies.

ROBERT B. STRASSLER is an unaffiliated scholar who holds an honorary Doctorate of Humanities and Letters from Bard College and is chairman of the Aston Magna Foundation for Music and the Humanities. He lives in Brookline, Massachusetts.

Introduction by Shane Brennan xiii
List of Xenophon’s Writings li
Editors’ Preface by Shane Brennan and David Thomas liii
Features of this Edition liii
The Map Scheme and Route of the Army lv
Acknowledgments lxi
Summary by Book and Chapter lxv
Key to Maps and Diagrams lxx

Book One 1
Book Two 49
Book Three 79
Book Four 109
Book Five 149
Book Six 185
Book Seven 215

Epilogue by Shane Brennan 263

Appendix A: Xenophon and Socrates, Robin Waterfield, Lakonia, Greece 267
Appendix B: Xenophon and Sparta, Paul Cartledge, University of Cambridge 277
Appendix C: The Persian Empire, Christopher Tuplin, University of Liverpool 286
Appendix D: The Persian Army, Christopher Tuplin, University of Liverpool 296
Appendix E: Panhellenism, Vivienne J. Gray, University of Auckland 306
Appendix F: Thrace, Zosia H. Archibald, University of Liverpool 313
Appendix G: Divinity and Divining, Michael A. Flower, Princeton University 319
Appendix H: Infantry and Cavalry in Anabasis, Peter Krentz, Davidson College 327
Appendix I: The Size and Makeup of the Ten Thousand; David Thomas, Buckinghamshire, UK 335
Appendix J: A Soldier’s View of the March, John W. I. Lee, University of California, Santa Barbara 342
Appendix K: The Noncombatant Contingent of the Army, Emily Baragwanath, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 351
Appendix L: The Battle of Cunaxa, David Thomas, Buckinghamshire, UK 359
Appendix M: Other Ancient Sources on the Ten Thousand, David Thomas, Buckinghamshire, UK 366
Appendix N: Xenophon and the Development of Classical Historiography, John Dillery, University of Virginia 375
Appendix O: Ancient Greek and Persian Units of Measurement, Thomas R. Martin, College of the Holy Cross 383
Appendix P: The Route of the Ten Thousand, Shane Brennan, American University in Dubai 393
Appendix Q: The Chronology of the March, Shane Brennan, American University in Dubai 405
Appendix R: The Legacy of Xenophon’s Anabasis,Tim Rood, University of Oxford 413
Appendix S: Selections from The Library of History of Diodorus Siculus Relevant to Anabasis, Translated by Peter Green, University of Iowa 420
Appendix T: Selections from Plutarch’s Life of Artaxerxes Relevant to Anabasis, Translated by Pamela Mensch, New York, NY 435
Appendix U: Selections from Photius’ Synopsis of Ctesias’ Persika Relevant to Anabasis, Translated by Pamela Mensch, New York, NY 445
Appendix V: Diogenes Laertius’ Life of Xenophon, Translated by R. D. Hicks 448
Appendix W: Brief Biographies of Selected Characters in Anabasis, David Thomas, Buckinghamshire, UK 453

Translator’s Notes by David Thomas 487
Ancient Sources Cited in this Edition 507
Glossary 517
Selected Bibliography 523
Figure Credits 531
Index 533
Reference Maps and Directory 583