Leonard B. Nelson, MD, MBA, received a BA in biology from Columbia University and his MD from Harvard Medical School. Following a surgical internship at Harvard, he completed his ophthalmology residency at New York University Bellevue Hospital Medical Center. He went on to complete a 1-year fellowship in Pediatric Ophthalmology at the Children's National Medical Center and a 1-year fellowship in ocular genetics at the Wilmer Institute. He obtained his MBA at St. Joseph's University. Dr. Nelson is the Director of the Strabismus Center and the Co-Director of the Pediatric Ophthalmology and Ocular Genetics Department at Wills Eye Hospital.

Alex V. Levin, M.D., MHSc, FAAP, FAAO, FRCSC, was a child abuse pediatrician following completion of a pediatric residency at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. He then completed an ophthalmology residency at Wills Eye Hospital in Philadelphia, followed by a pediatric ophthalmology fellowship at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, where he returned to become a professor in the Departments of Pediatrics, Genetics and Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences at the University of Toronto while working as a staff ophthalmologist at The Hospital for Sick Children for over 16 years. There he was the Fellowship Director for 15 years and, with his colleagues, started the Strabismus Nights, which became the inspiration for this book. He is one of fewer than 10 double-boarded pediatrician-pediatric ophthalmologists in the world. In 2001, he obtained his master's degree in bioethics. In 2008, he returned to Wills Eye Hospital as the Chief of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Ocular Genetics.

Acknowledgments About the Editors Contributing Authors Preface Foreword by Stephen P. Kraft, MD, FRCSC Abbreviations Chapter 1 Approach to Strabismus Surgery Decision Making Leonard B. Nelson, MD, MBA Chapter 2 Esotropia Scott Olitsky, MD Chapter 3 Exotropia Daniel T. Weaver, MD Chapter 4 Dissociated Vertical Deviation Sepideh Tara Rousta, MD Chapter 5 Cranial Nerve Palsies Mary O'Hara, MD Chapter 6 Strabismus Syndromes Mark A. Steele, MD Chapter 7 Strabismus in Systemic Disease Miles J. Burke, MD Chapter 8 Other Complex Strabismus Cases Kammi Gunton, MD Chapter 9 Reoperations Rudolph S. Wagner, MD Chapter 10 Nystagmus Leonard B. Nelson, MD, MBA Financial Disclosures Index